Back to Site

  1. Home
  2. >
  3. 2025
  4. >
  5. Page 4
breast cancer

Understanding How Age and Hormones Affect Breast Cancer Risk

Oct 24th, 2025

Archive for 2025

« Older Entries
Newer Entries »

Understanding How Age and Hormones Affect Breast Cancer Risk

Friday, October 24th, 2025

Dr. Mandar Nadkarni
Surgical Oncology, Head – Breast Oncology, Surgeon – Colorectal Oncology
Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai

What is Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer happens when cells in breast tissue start growing abnormally and form tumors. Most cases occur in women, but men can get it too. There are different types of breast cancer, and identifying which type a patient has is crucial for planning effective breast cancer treatment. Some tumors are slow-growing and stay in one place. Others are aggressive and spread to other organs quickly.

Breast Cancer Incidence in Women

Getting older increases your chances of developing breast cancer. However, in India, we see many women under 50 getting diagnosed. This doesn’t mean younger women are at higher risk – it’s about population numbers.

India has a large population of women between 35 and 55 years old, thanks to better medical facilities and longer lifespans. When you look at risk per 100,000 women, younger women actually have lower chances of getting breast cancer compared to women over 60. Better breast cancer awareness has helped women spot symptoms earlier, which means better results with breast cancer treatment.

Key Risk Factors of Breast Cancer

Several factors can increase a woman’s risk of developing breast cancer:

Hormonal Factors: Women who get their first period early or go through menopause late spend more years exposed to estrogen and progesterone. This prolonged exposure increases risk.

Reproductive Factors: Research shows that having a first child before 25, a second before 30, and breastfeeding each baby for at least six months can reduce risk by half. However, later childbirth has shown to slightly increase risk. Women who don’t have children also face higher risk compared to those who do. Extended breastfeeding duration is associated with lower risk of developing breast cancer.

Body Weight: If your BMI is over 31, you face much higher risk than women who keep their BMI under 23. Maintaining a healthy weight is an important aspect of breast care.

Hormone Replacement Therapy: Taking hormone replacement therapy, particularly combination pills containing both estrogen and progesterone, for more than two years after menopause significantly increases risk. Women should discuss the appropriate duration and alternatives with their healthcare providers before starting HRT.

Urban Lifestyle: Women in cities have higher rates than those in rural areas. Urban lifestyles often involve less physical activity, sedentary work environments, and higher average body weight—all factors that increase risk. That’s why breast cancer awareness matters so much in urban areas.

How Genetics Influence Breast Cancer

Here’s something that surprises people: genetics cause less than 10% of breast cancer cases. Most women who get breast cancer don’t have any family history of it. Yes, gene mutations like BRCA1 and BRCA2 do increase risk a lot, but they’re not common. Most cases happen because of the lifestyle and reproductive factors we already talked about.

If you have several close relatives who got breast cancer young, talk to a genetic counselor. They can help you understand if you need different screening for various types of breast cancer.

Preventive Steps and Healthy Lifestyle Choices for Breast Cancer

Several modifiable risk factors can be addressed through lifestyle changes. Maintaining a BMI below 25 is recommended. Getting at least 150 minutes of exercise each week supports overall breast care. Limiting alcohol consumption is advisable, as even moderate drinking increases risk. Women who choose to breastfeed may experience reduced risk. Hormone replacement therapy should be used at the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration necessary, and alternatives should be discussed with healthcare providers.

Get screened regularly. Mammograms catch breast cancer early, which makes breast cancer treatment more successful. Know what’s normal for your breasts. If you notice any lumps, skin changes, discharge from your nipple, or pain that doesn’t go away, see your doctor right away.

Conclusion

Multiple factors including age, hormones, lifestyle, and genetics contribute to breast cancer risk. While some factors like age and menstrual history cannot be modified, many lifestyle-related risks can be addressed. Maintaining healthy weight, exercising regularly, and following recommended screening guidelines all help reduce risk. More women now recognize symptoms early because breast cancer awareness has improved. Understanding what increases your risk helps you make informed decisions about breast care.

FAQs for Breast Cancer

Can men also get breast cancer?

Yes, though it’s rare, less than 1% of all cases. Men have breast tissue too and should watch for lumps, skin changes, or nipple discharge.

At what age should women start breast cancer screening?

Most doctors recommend starting annual mammograms at 40. Women with family history or other risk factors might need to start earlier. Talk to your doctor about your situation.

Why are breast cancer rates higher in urban areas?

Urban lifestyles typically involve less physical activity, sedentary work environments, and higher average body weight. Cities also have better healthcare access, so more cases get diagnosed compared to rural areas.

How can women reduce the risk of breast cancer?

Maintain a BMI below 25, exercise regularly, limit alcohol consumption, breastfeed if applicable, discuss HRT alternatives with healthcare providers, and follow recommended screening guidelines.

Heart Disease Prevention: Expert Tips from Our Specialists on World Heart Day 2025

Friday, September 26th, 2025

Heart disease continues to be one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and India is no exception. India carries 60% of the global heart disease burden. With urban lifestyles marked by long working hours, sedentary habits, and increased stress, metro residents are at greater risk than ever before. On World Heart Day 2025, medical experts from our Centre for Cardiac Sciences at Kokilaben Hospital recommend some preventive strategies to reduce the risk of heart disease.

Table of Contents

Common Heart Ailments Seen in India

Heart disease is not one condition but a group of disorders that involve the cardiovascular system. Some of the most frequent ones are:

  • Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
    Artery narrowing caused by plaque accumulation, resulting in pain in the chest or heart attack.
  • Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
    A silent disorder that dramatically elevates the chance of heart failure and stroke.
  • Heart Failure
    When the heart fails to pump blood properly, resulting in fatigue, breathlessness, and swelling.
  • Arrhythmias
    Irregular heartbeats that can lead to palpitations, dizziness, or unexpected cardiac arrest.
  • Valvular Heart Disease
    Injury to one or more of the valves of the heart, usually needing surgical repair.

While these conditions may sound alarming, the reassuring fact is that most heart diseases are preventable with the right care, early detection, and healthy lifestyle practices.

10 Expert Tips to Prevent Heart Disease

Our specialists for cardiac treatment in India emphasize that prevention is not about drastic
changes, it’s about consistent, mindful habits. Here are ten expert-backed tips:

  • Never Ignore Symptoms
    Chest pain, breathlessness, jaw discomfort, or unusual fatigue can all be warning signs. Early medical evaluation is crucial. Many patients delay care, leading to irreversible damage.
  • Schedule Routine Health Check-ups
    After the age of 30, an annual heart check-up is strongly advised, especially for individuals with a family history, diabetes, or hypertension. Preventive screening saves lives.
  • Do Not Self-Medicate
    Over-the-counter drugs or unverified remedies can worsen underlying conditions. Only a qualified cardiologist should guide medication use and dosage.
  • Build a Strong Relationship with Your Doctor
    Open communication ensures you receive personalized, safe, and effective care. Avoid relying on internet searches or hearsay when it comes to heart health.
  • Stay Physically Active
    A 30–45 minute brisk walk, five days a week, is often enough to maintain good cardiovascular fitness. If you enjoy cycling, yoga, or swimming, incorporate them into your weekly routine.
  • Adopt a Heart-Healthy Diet
    Prioritize whole grains, fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, and lean proteins. Reduce processed foods, sugary snacks, and unhealthy fats. Include omega-3-rich fish such as salmon and tuna for additional benefits.
  • Manage Stress Effectively
    Stress raises blood pressure and promotes inflammation. Mindfulness, yoga, meditation, or even spending time in nature are proven ways to lower stress levels.
  • Quit Smoking and Alcohol
    Smoking accelerates plaque buildup in arteries, while heavy drinking raises blood pressure and weakens the heart muscle. Quitting both can drastically improve heart health.
  • Maintain a Healthy Weight
    Excess weight increases strain on the heart, raising the risk of hypertension and diabetes. Even modest weight loss improves cardiovascular outcomes.
  • Get Adequate Sleep
    Seven to nine hours of quality sleep each night supports healthy blood pressure, regulates stress hormones, and allows the body to repair itself.

Cardiac Treatment at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital

Heart disease is one of India’s top health issues, but early detection and timely screenings can save lives. At the Centre for Cardiac Sciences, we provide world-class care that combines cutting-edge technology with compassionate expertise. Our cardiologists in Mumbai are highly trained in both preventive and interventional cardiology. From initial screenings to intricate procedures, such as valve and bypass surgeries, our hospital is capable of offering complete cardiac care in India. As a top heart surgery hospital in Mumbai, our team has successfully carried out more than 12600 cardiac procedures on adults & kids with world class results.

Our Services include:

  • Preventive cardiac screenings & personalized risk assessments
  • Minimally invasive valve replacement, key-hole & awake cardiac surgeries
  • State-of-the-art surgical suites for minimally invasive and open-heart surgeries
  • Beating-heart coronary bypass grafting for faster recovery
  • Advanced arrhythmia treatments: ablation therapy, pacemakers, defibrillators, resynchronization therapy
  • India’s first AI-powered Artist Icono Cardiac Suite for precision cardiac care

On this World Heart Day 2025, let’s remember that heart disease prevention begins with awareness, accountability, and action. While genetics and age are beyond our control, lifestyle modifications, staying active, eating mindfully, avoiding harmful habits, and undergoing regular health checks are within everyone’s reach. If you or a loved one experiences symptoms suggestive of heart disease, do not delay seeking medical help, reach out to our cardiologists at the earliest.

How to Control Thyroid? Consult Doctors for the Right Treatment

Friday, September 26th, 2025

The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of your neck. Despite its modest size, it has a profound impact on your overall health. It helps regulate metabolism, energy, heart function, and temperature by producing hormones. When this gland doesn’t function properly, it can create significant health concerns that require timely medical care. Medical statistics as per the Indian Thyroid Society, suggest that 4.2 crore Indians suffer from thyroid disorders, yet many remain undiagnosed. It is essential to consult a specialist for prompt diagnosis and thyroid treatment in Mumbai.

Table of Contents

The Functions of the Thyroid Gland

Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), two essential hormones that control how your body uses energy, are produced by the thyroid. These hormones assist growth and development (especially of the brain), regulate the body’s metabolic rate, regulate heart rate, affect weight, maintain body temperature, and manage metabolism. From mood and fertility to digestion and cardiovascular health, even little abnormalities in thyroid function can set off a chain reaction of health problems. It is essential to monitor your thyroid levels.

Symptoms of Thyroid Disorders

Thyroid problems often mimic other health conditions, making them easy to overlook. Symptoms differ depending on whether the gland is underactive (hypothyroidism) or overactive (hyperthyroidism).

Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid):

  • Fatigue and sluggishness
  • Unexplained weight gain
  • Dry skin and hair loss
  • Cold intolerance
  • Constipation
  • Low mood or depression

Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid):

  • Unintentional weight loss
  • Rapid or irregular heartbeat
  • Heat intolerance and excessive sweating
  • Anxiety, nervousness, and irritability
  • Insomnia
  • Muscle weakness

Additionally, females may experience menstrual irregularities and problems with fertility.

How to Control Your Thyroid?

The initial and most crucial step toward managing thyroid diseases is visiting the appropriate doctor. A general practitioner may prescribe initial blood tests such as TSH, T3, and T4, but in the case of chronic or complicated conditions, an endocrinologist for thyroid care is necessary. Endocrinologists are experts in endocrine disorders and can offer individualized treatment plans. Diagnostic workup can also involve thyroid antibody tests (for autoimmune disorders like Hashimoto’s or Graves’ disease), ultrasound for nodule screening, and nuclear scanning in specific instances.

Diet and Lifestyle Modifications for Thyroid Health

Here are some expert-recommended lifestyle changes that help manage your thyroid symptoms:

  • Nutrition Counts
    • Iodine
      Necessary for thyroid hormone production, but excessive intake aggravates certain conditions. Iodized salt, seafood, and dairy products are usual sources.
    • Selenium and Zinc
      Present in nuts, whole grains, and lean meats, these trace elements aid thyroid function.
    • Balanced Diet
      A Mediterranean diet with plenty of vegetables, fruits, lean protein, and healthy fats sustains overall health.
  • Manage Stress
    Chronic stress triggers the release of cortisol, which may interfere with thyroid hormone balance. Adding mindfulness, yoga, meditation, and deep breathing can alleviate stress and enhance well-being.
  • Exercise Regularly
    Exercise stimulates metabolism, assists with weight control, and enhances mood. Low-impact exercises such as brisk walking, cycling, or yoga are great places to begin.
  • Avoid Excess Goitrogens
    Cruciferous vegetables can interfere with thyroid function if consumed in extremely large amounts. Have them in moderation.
  • Check-ups on a Regular Basis
    Regular visits to your doctor ensure that your treatment is still effective. Blood tests enable monitoring of hormone levels and enable your doctor to make adjustments to medication.

Why Consulting a Specialist Matters

It is essential to seek the right medical care by an experienced endocrinologist to ensure that your thyroid imbalance is under control. The specialist will guide you with medications and lifestyle changes for hypothyroidism as well as hyperthyroidism treatment in India.

Thyroid Care at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital

While thyroid disorders are commonly seen in people, early detection and care are essential. They can be managed with the right medical guidance and proactive lifestyle changes. Are you or is your loved one suffering from a thyroid problem? Reach out to our Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, which has an exclusive Thyroid Clinic where all investigations related to thyroid are done under one roof. We help you conquer thyroid. Our experienced team is well equipped with the advanced technology to provide thyroid profiling, ultrasound, fine needle aspiration cytology, isotope scanning, radio-iodine treatment and surgery.

We offer comprehensive treatment options from medication to surgery, depending on the intensity of the thyroid disorder. We also consult patients suffering from thyroid imbalance with dietary changes, regular exercise, and stress management to improve their overall health. Managing your thyroid and keeping it in control affects your overall health and long-term vitality. With timely diagnosis and proper thyroid treatment in India, patients can lead balanced, energetic, and fulfilling lives.

Latest Advances in Alzheimer’s Treatment: What You Need to Know

Friday, September 19th, 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains one of the most challenging medical conditions seen in the elderly. With an aging population, India is seeing a rise in the number of patients and families affected by this condition. Recent medical statistics suggest that approximately 88 lakh Indians, 7.4% of adults aged 60 and above, are living with dementia. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia. While the precise number of Alzheimer’s cases is not specified, it is estimated that 70-80% of all dementia cases in India are Alzheimer’s. While there is currently no cure, new therapies and improved diagnostic tools available at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, one of the best Alzheimer’s disease hospitals in Mumbai, are shaping the way we diagnose and manage Alzheimer’s.

Table of Contents

What Is Alzheimer’s Disease?

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive brain disorder first described in 1906 by Dr. Alois Alzheimer. It is marked by the build-up of abnormal proteins, beta-amyloid plaques,   and tau tangles, which disrupt communication between nerve cells. Over time, this leads to the death of brain cells, causing memory loss, impaired reasoning, and behavioral changes. It is important to note that “dementia” is an umbrella term for conditions that cause cognitive decline. Alzheimer’s is the most common type, though other forms include Parkinson’s disease, dementia, Huntington’s disease, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Early Signs of Alzheimer’s Disease

Recognizing Alzheimer’s early can make a crucial difference in care. Some of the most common warning signs include:

  • Frequent memory lapses, especially around recent events.
  • Difficulty planning, organizing, or solving everyday problems.
  • Trouble finding the right words during conversation.
  • Misplacing items and losing the ability to retrace steps.
  • Confusion about time, place, or familiar surroundings.
  • Withdrawal from work, hobbies, or social activities.
  • Changes in personality, becoming anxious, irritable, or suspicious.

While the symptoms start subtly, they keep progressing over the years, and patients eventually require round-the-clock care. Early diagnosis and medical care ensure maximum benefit from available therapies and allow families to plan for the future.

How Is Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosed?

Diagnosis has come a long way in recent years. Clinicians use a combination of clinical assessment, cognitive testing, and advanced imaging devices to aid professionals in diagnosing the disease earlier and more precisely.

Stepwise Diagnostic Process:

  • Medical History and Symptom Evaluation
    A physician takes a history of memory loss, behavioral change, and decline in function. Information from caregivers is precious.
  • Physical and Neurological Examination
    Reflexes, coordination, balance, hearing, and muscle tone are checked for other causes.
  • Laboratory Tests
    Lab tests through blood examinations rule out imitators such as thyroid dysfunction or vitamin deficiencies.
  • Cognitive and Neuropsychological Testing
    Memory, attention, problem-solving, and language abilities are evaluated by standardized tests.
  • Brain Imaging
    MRI and CT scans can identify strokes, tumors, or atrophy in brain areas involved with Alzheimer’s. Sophisticated PET scans may show amyloid plaques or tau tangles.

Early diagnosis enables patients to make informed choices regarding their medical treatment, financial planning, and living situation. It also facilitates the prompt launching of drugs that work best during the initial stages. Crucially, caregivers can obtain the support they require in managing the issues of long-term care. It’s also worth noting that not every memory impairment is a sign of Alzheimer’s disease. Depression, thyroid conditions, vitamin deficiencies, or side effects from drugs can simulate dementia and are frequently reversible. Accurate diagnosis is thus essential.

Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

At present, there is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease. However, treatments are available at Kokilaben Hospital’s Alzheimer’s Clinic to alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life, and slow functional decline.

  • Medical History and Symptom Evaluation
    A doctor obtains a history of memory loss, change in behavior, and function decline. Caregiver information is invaluable.
  • Physical and Neurological Examination
    Reflexes, coordination, balance, hearing, and muscle tone are screened for other causes.
  • Laboratory Tests
    Laboratory tests via blood studies exclude imitators like thyroid disease or vitamin deficiencies.
  • Cognitive and Neuropsychological Testing
    Memory, attention, problem-solving, and language function are tested with standardized tests.

Alzheimer’s Care at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai

At our Centre for Neurosciences, we specialize in providing comprehensive care to patients with neurological conditions causing memory loss, confusion, speech difficulties, or behavioral changes. Recognized as one of the best hospitals for Alzheimer’s disease treatment in Mumbai, our centre offers:

  • Neurology consultation and detailed assessment.
  • Cognitive and physical rehabilitation to maintain independence.
  • Psychotherapy and behavioral therapy for patients and families.
  • Family counseling and caregiver support, helping relatives understand the disease and plan long-term home care.

Alzheimer’s disease is a complex, progressive, life-altering condition that worsens with time. However, advances in the medical world now offer new hope to patients and families. With a focus on early detection, symptom management, and supportive care, we help Alzheimer’s patients lead more meaningful lives. Reach out to our neurologists and consult some of the best doctors for Alzheimer’s Disease in Mumbai for advanced, compassionate, personalized care.

Is Knee Replacement Safe? Debunking Common Myths

Thursday, September 11th, 2025

Prolonged and severe knee pain can completely change your life. Whether caused by osteoarthritis, injury, or long-term joint degeneration, chronic pain limits mobility, impacts independence, and diminishes quality of life. For many patients, total knee replacement (TKR) offers a way forward. Do you have any questions or safety concerns about this surgery? Are you too feeling anxious about a knee replacement surgery for a loved one or for yourself? Let us understand the common myths around knee replacement surgery and learn about its safety aspects from orthopaedic experts.

Table of Contents

Understanding Knee Replacement Surgery

A total knee replacement, also known as a joint replacement, is a surgical procedure in which damaged surfaces of the knee joint are replaced with artificial implants made of metal and medical-grade plastics. This is a very helpful surgery for elderly patients that helps to relieve pain, restore mobility, and allow patients to resume an active lifestyle.

There are two main types:

  • Total Knee Replacement (TKR): Replacement of the entire knee joint.
  • Partial Knee Replacement (PKR): Replacement of only the damaged portion, preserving healthy structures.

Both procedures are highly effective, with the choice depending on the extent of joint damage.

Is Knee Replacement Safe?

Yes absolutely. A knee replacement is considered one of the safest and most successful orthopedic surgeries worldwide. Globally, more than 90% of patients report significant pain relief and improved function. In India, advancements in surgical techniques, anesthetic care, and implant technology have further improved outcomes.

Just like any other medical procedure or surgery, a knee replacement has some risks involved such as infection, blood clots, and stiffness. Nevertheless, these are minimal and avoidable by teaming up with the right hospital, surgeon, and by seeking appropriate post-surgery care. Choosing a leading knee replacement surgery hospital in India, such as Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, ensures safety through experience, precision, and advanced technology.

Common Myths About Knee Replacement Surgery

  • Myth: Patients are concerned that implants don’t last.
    Fact: Implants nowadays are made to last 15–20 years or longer. Research indicates more than 90% are still functioning after 15 years. Longevity is no longer a significant issue with contemporary biomaterials and precise surgery.
  • Myth: Many are afraid of months off their feet and unbearable pain.
    Fact: The majority of patients walk with support the day following surgery. With improved pain control, rehabilitation, and minimally invasive surgery, recovery has never been easier. Complete recovery typically occurs within 3–6 months, not years.
  • Myth: Knee Surgery implies prolonged periods of immobility.
    Fact: Early mobilization is a mainstay of current knee replacement. Patients are encouraged to begin walking between 24–48 hours to enhance healing and avoid complications.
  • Myth: Knee replacement is reserved for old people.
    Fact: Although prevalent among the elderly, knee replacement is also suitable for younger individuals with severe arthritis or trauma. The aim is to enhance the quality of life regardless of the age of the patient.
  • Myth: It is wise to postpone a knee surgery as long as possible.
    Fact: Delaying surgery will increase pain, worsen joint damage, and decrease mobility. Tackling the problem early usually delivers better long-term outcomes.
  • Myth: Knee replacement surgeries often fail.
    Fact: The success rate is excellent, with more than 95% of patients experiencing relief and improved function. Failures are rare and usually linked to complications such as infection or trauma.

Knee Replacement Surgery at KDAH Mumbai

At Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai, knee replacement surgery is carried out with the most advanced technology available. It increases the precision of surgery, provides the best implant positioning, and minimizes the time of recovery. Being one of the best knee replacement hospital in Mumbai, our Centre for Bone & Joint provides state-of-the-art infrastructure, a rehabilitation team dedicated to the process, and a team of skilled orthopaedic surgeons.

Why choose us:

  • Our teams have successfully performed more than 2,622 joint replacement surgeries.
  • Our operation theatres are designed to meet the highest safety standards and are equipped with state-of-the-art surgical equipment and technology. 
  • We use Computer-Aided Navigation Systems for Joint Replacement & Arthroscopic Surgery.
  • With High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters, our OT is strictly controlled with these filters, eliminating the minutest of particles.
  • Our OT personnel use special suits to reduce the chances of infection.
  • We perform small incisions using minimally invasive surgery.
  • We offer dedicated rehabilitation and post-surgery physiotherapy care.

Do you know someone struggling with debilitating knee pain? It is time to think about a knee replacement surgery. Apart from pain relief, a knee replacement surgery helps patients with improved mobility, better sleep, and a renewed ability to enjoy daily activities. It is essential to note that maintaining a healthy weight, staying active, and following the required health precautions can improve outcomes and extend the life of the implant. If you are considering surgery, consult with the best knee replacement surgeon in Mumbai at our Centre for Bone & Joint for further guidance and care.

« Older Entries
Newer Entries »