PCOD: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

In today’s fast-paced urban lifestyle, women often find themselves juggling professional goals and personal responsibilities, with little time to prioritize their health. Amid rising fertility concerns in India, one condition has emerged as both common, misdiagnosed and untreated is Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD). According to the Ministry of Science and Technology, the prevalence of PCOS (used interchangeably with PCOD) in India ranges from 3.7% to 22.5%. In certain urban cities this number can be as high as 36% in adolescents. Despite being highly prevalent, PCOD is still surrounded by misinformation. Let us understand more details of this hormonal disorder and explore the options for PCOD treatment in Mumbai.

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What is PCOD?

Polycystic Ovarian Disorder (PCOD) is a hormonal condition that disrupts a woman’s ovaries,
inhibiting the normal formation and release of eggs. This results in ovaries filling with several
immature follicles and an excess production of male hormones (androgens). This results in
conditions like irregular menses, infertility, acne, and excess hair growth.

Common Symptoms of PCOD

Signs and symptoms can start at puberty or become noticed later, particularly with weight gain.
The most frequent signs are:

• Irregular periods or amenorrhea
• Oily skin and acne
• Increased body or facial hair (hirsutism)
• Thinning hair or hair loss on the scalp
• Weight gain or inability to lose weight
• Infertility or an inability to conceive

If you’re experiencing at least two of these symptoms, it’s advisable to consult a specialist. You
can consult some of the best gynecologists for PCOD at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital
for a detailed investigation.

What Causes PCOD?

The exact cause of PCOD still remains unknown. However, years of medical research indicate
that some of these factors may contribute to PCOD:

• Genetics
  Family history plays a significant role. If your mother or sister has PCOD, your chances of
  developing it are higher.
• Insulin Resistance
  Up to 70% of women with PCOD have insulin resistance. This means the body struggles to use
  insulin effectively, leading to high blood sugar and excess androgen production.
• Inflammation
  Chronic low-grade inflammation can also trigger androgen production and worsen PCOD
  symptoms.
• Lifestyle
  Urban women are increasingly getting subjected to sedentary lifestyles, irregular diet patterns,
  and stress, all of them contributing to PCOD.

Lifestyle Changes to Manage PCOD

While PCOD does not have a permanent treatment, it can be reversed in many cases with
sustained lifestyle modifications:

• Weight Management
  Excess weight can have a negative effect on your hormones. Maintain a healthy weight to regulate your hormones and restore ovulation.
• Balanced Diet
  Focus on high-fiber foods, lean protein, healthy fats, and whole grains.
• Exercise Regularly
  You must regularly practice at least 30 minutes of physical activity—HIIT, cardio, yoga, or strength training—most days of the week.
• Sleep Well
  You must create a healthy sleep routine and get atleast 7 to 8 hours of good quality sleep daily.
• Stress Reduction
  Learn to cope with daily stress by including yoga, meditation or any other relaxation technique.

The Role of Diet in PCOD Management

Are you finding a PCOD-friendly diet? You must focus on eating whole foods, stay away from
processed foods and create a diet plan that includes low glycemic index carbohydrates, and
anti-inflammatory ingredients.

Foods to Eat:

• Leafy greens like spinach and kale
• Whole grains and legumes
• Low-fat dairy
• Nuts and seeds
• Omega-3 rich fish like salmon

Foods to Avoid:

• Refined sugar
• Processed foods
• Deep-fried or fatty meals

Exercise Recommendations

Choose a combination of:

• Cardio (walking, cycling)
• Strength training (to improve insulin sensitivity)
• Mind-body exercises (yoga, pilates) for hormonal balance

Treatment for PCOD

If lifestyle changes alone aren’t enough, medical intervention is available. PCOD treatment doctors in Mumbai offer a range of options tailored to individual needs. This includes the use of certain medications in most cases to manage the condition. If medications don’t help, some surgical options may be considered.

PCOD Care at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital

While there is no permanent treatment for PCOD, this hormonal disorder is manageable with early medical intervention. Care includes lifestyle changes, better dietary habits and certain medications. Consistent care can help women with PCOD lead more fulfilling lives. If you or someone you know is struggling with symptoms, don’t delay seeking medical care.

Our Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics is a beacon of hope for women facing PCOD. Our experienced team of specialists offers comprehensive care, from diagnosis to treatment, using the latest medical advancements. We provide personalized treatment plans, including lifestyle guidance and medication, to help get relief, improve fertility and your quality of life. Do not hesitate to seek medical care for PCOD symptoms. An experienced team of gynaecologists at one of the leading gynaecology hospitals in Mumbai, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital helps guide you with personalized care for PCOD.

Cases of Alzheimer’s disease in India are increasing! According to a 2023 medical report, approximately 88 lakh Indians—7.4% of adults aged 60 and above—are living with dementia. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia, and its numbers are steadily rising. This neurological condition can have devastating effects of Alzheimer’s disease on your cognitive health. Understanding how this disease affects the brain is critical for early detection, timely intervention, and compassionate care for Alzheimer’s treatment in Mumbai.

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What is Alzheimer’s Disease?

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological disorder that mainly involves memory, thinking, behavior, and the capacity to perform daily activities. It is not a normal aspect of aging but a brain disorder due to abnormal changes in the brain. These changes damage cognitive functions over time and may impact all areas of an individual’s personality and life. Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, reputed as one of the best Alzheimer’s hospitals in Mumbai, helps provide multidisciplinary care for this condition.

Symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease

Symptoms typically develop slowly and worsen over time. Early signs may include:

• Difficulty remembering names, places, or conversations
• Confusion with time or place
• Trouble organizing thoughts or following plans
• Withdrawal from social or work activities
• Changes in mood, personality, or behavior

As the disease progresses, individuals may require help with daily activities such as dressing, eating, or using the restroom. Reach out to the best doctor for Alzheimer’s treatment in Mumbai at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital for further assistance.

Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease

The disease typically progresses through the following stages:

• Preclinical Stage
  No visible symptoms, but brain changes are underway
• Mild/Early Stage
  Minor memory loss and confusion
• Moderate Stage
  Greater cognitive decline, personality changes, and assistance required
• Severe/Late Stage
  Complete dependence on caregivers, loss of verbal communication, and physical decline

Understanding these stages helps families and physicians plan care more effectively.

How Alzheimer’s Affects the Brain

Alzheimer’s disease gets in the way of the brain’s structure in very precise ways. Here’s an explanation of how various components of the brain are affected:

Limbic System

An area that gets affected first, it is involved in memory and emotion. Damage to this area could result in:

• Forgetting where things are
• Paranoia or suspicion
• Mood disturbances like anxiety or depression

Hippocampus and Temporal Lobes

These areas deal with short-term memory and learning. When these get compromised, patients suffer from:

• Trouble remembering recent events
• Frustration in identifying familiar people or locations
• Loss of verbal memory and vocabulary

Frontal Lobe

Decision-making, planning, and social behavior are its functions. Damage is likely to result in:

• Apathy or lack of interest in things
• Social withdrawal
• Repetitive actions

Parietal Lobes

Spatial orientation and sequencing activities are their functions. Damage at this site may result in:

• Problem with language and mathematics
• Growing easily lost
• Problems with executing hard activities such as driving or managing finance

Occipital Lobe

Despite not being directly affected, areas around visual processing can be impaired, leading to:

• Loss of depth perception
• Inability to interpret visual cues

These brain structural changes account for why Alzheimer’s manifests as a blend of cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and physical deficits.

Alzheimer’s Treatment at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital

There is no treatment for Alzheimer’s disease, but medication and other treatments can control symptoms and enhance quality of life. If you or someone you know experiences any of the warning signs, get a medical checkup right away. Early diagnosis enables improved management of symptoms, access to therapies, and care planning for the future.

Our Centre for Neurosciences has a specialist Alzheimer’s and Memory Clinic for people with neurological problems. We offer a comprehensive screening and care program for Alzheimer’s disease and other memory disorders, including neurology consultation, physical and cognitive rehabilitation, and psychotherapy. Our team also provides family counseling services to support patients and their loved ones with long-term home care.

Alzheimer’s disease doesn’t just affect memory—it impacts the entire essence of a person. Reach out to Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, the best hospital for Alzheimer’s disease in India for long-term care that can make a difference.

Cataracts are one of the most common causes of vision loss globally. With changing lifestyles where visual needs are high, cataracts can interfere with both professional and personal life. Cataract is known as the leading cause of blindness and visual impairment in India, particularly among those aged 50 and older. Understanding when cataract surgery is necessary—and when it’s best to proceed—can help you maintain an active and independent lifestyle.

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What is a Cataract?

A cataract is a progressive clouding of the eye’s natural lens, which lies behind the iris. Over time or because of other medical factors, this transparent lens becomes cloudy, cutting down the light reaching the retina. It could result in blurred vision, contrast sensitivity, and more glare to cause extensive loss of vision over the course of time.

Signs of Cataract

Cataracts develop slowly, and early stages may go unnoticed. However, key symptoms to watch for include:

• Halos around lights
• Blurry or cloudy vision
• Increased glare, especially at night
• Fading of colours, or a yellowish tinge
• Difficulty with reading, driving, or recognizing faces
• Frequent changes in eyeglass prescription

When these symptoms begin to interfere with daily life, it is time to consider your options.

Health Risks of Delay

Delaying necessary cataract surgery can result in more than just poor vision. As cataracts advance:

• There is greater risk for falls and injury, particularly in older people
• Severe loss of vision can hinder independence
• In some conditions like glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy, postponing surgery can cause other eye illnesses to become worse
• Night driving can be hazardous with glare and halos

Although temporary solutions such as more powerful glasses or improved lighting might be helpful at first, these are not permanent solutions. Delaying surgery is not advisable.

What is the Right Time for Cataract Surgery?

There is no one-size-fits-all timeline for cataract surgery. The decision should be personalised, based on your lifestyle and how much the cataract affects your vision.

Ask yourself these questions:

• Am I struggling with work tasks, reading, driving, or household chores?
• Do I feel unsafe or uncomfortable walking outdoors or driving at night?
• Have I stopped enjoying hobbies like reading, sports, or socializing due to poor vision?

The best person to make this decision for you is an experienced eye specialist. Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, reputed as one of the best eye hospitals in Mumbai for cataract surgery offers advanced techniques with excellent outcomes. In certain cases, when patients have glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy—early surgery may be recommended even before cataracts reach an advanced stage.

Considerations Before a Cataract Surgery

If you are preparing for cataract surgery in India, here are some factors to consider:

• General health
  Your eye specialist will check for co-existing health issues (such as diabetes or high blood pressure) prior to surgery.
• Lens selection
  There are a number of intraocular lens (IOL) varieties available, including monofocal, multifocal, and toric lenses. Having the correct IOL is important to maximize visual results.
• Post-operative recovery
  Although contemporary cataract surgery is rapid—typically lasting 10-15 minutes—adhering to post-surgery instructions ensures easy recovery.
• Lifestyle goals
  If freedom from glasses or enhanced nighttime driving vision is your goal, advise your surgeon of these desires.

Healing is usually brief, with most patients seeing clearly in a few weeks. Adhering to medication, protective eyewear, and activity limitations under the recommendation of your doctor can lead to optimal outcomes.

Cataract Surgery at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital

Is cataract affecting your daily life? Then it may be time to seek the best doctor for cataract surgery in Mumbai and take the next step toward better vision. Discover world-class cataract care with cutting-edge techniques at our Department of Ophthalmology. Cataract surgery is a highly successful procedure (95-98% success rate) and our team offers comprehensive cataract solutions using advanced technologies and techniques. These include:

• Phacoemulsification (Stitch-free Surgery):
  Minimally invasive, quick recovery with state-of-the-art Centurion Vision System.
• Lens Star & Specular Microscopy:
  For precise IOL (Intraocular Lens) calculation and corneal health check.
• Monofocal IOL:
  Corrects distance vision; reading glasses usually needed.
• Monofocal Aspheric IOL:
  Enhanced contrast, sharper vision, improved night vision.
• Toric IOL:
  Corrects astigmatism (cylindrical number).
• Multifocal IOL (Restore/Tecnis):
  Reduces dependence on glasses for both distance and near vision.
• EDOF Symfony IOL:
  Extended range of clear vision with minimal glare or halos.
• Prelex (Presbyopic Lens Exchange):
  Removes need for both distance and reading glasses in patients over 45.
• Implantable Contact Lenses (ICL):
  For high myopia/hyperopia; provides excellent vision correction.

Reach out to highly experienced eye specialists and eye surgeons at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital for the best cataract surgery in Mumbai. Delaying surgery can lead to unnecessary risks, while a well-timed procedure provides not just clear vision but renewed independence. Experience personalized care and exceptional cataract outcomes with us.

With modernization and new technological advancements, India is emerging as a world-class medical hub providing the most advanced and cost-effective treatment. The team at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital & Medical Research Institute in Mumbai is proud to lead this change. With global accreditations, an advanced care model, and a commitment to excellence, it stands out among the top hospitals in India that provides complete healthcare services. We offer top-notch medical care to both domestic and foreign patients by combining highly skilled medical professionals with advanced technology.

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Treatments We Offer

As one of the leading hospitals in Mumbai and Western India, we offer a comprehensive range of medical treatments in India that include:

• Cardiology Care
  With well-equipped cardiac operating rooms, we are proficient in offering managing complex medical procedures such as bypass surgery, valve replacement, and  Coronary Angiography, Coronary Angioplasty on a regular basis.
• Cancer Treatment Centre with Top Specialists
  Our Centre for Cancer features some of India’s best oncologists and provides treatment with integrated approaches using chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation oncology (including Novalis Tx and EDGE™), and robotic-assisted cancer surgery. We have a specialized Comprehensive Breast Care Unit to help manage breast cancer cases with utmost expertise. 
• Neurology & Neurosurgery
  Using technologies like O-arm™ and Neuro Navigation our team provides high-end interventions to treat conditions such as brain tumors, epilepsy, and spine disorders  great precision and faster recovery.
• Orthopaedic & Joint Replacement
  From knee replacement to spine surgery, we are India’s best hospital for orthopaedic surgery with personalized rehabilitation support as well.
• Gastroenterology & Hepatology
  Our team conducts endoscopic and less-invasive procedures for digestive diseases such as IBS and IBD. It also helps provide comprehensive liver treatments, such as fibroscan and liver transplant, to manage chronic liver conditions.
• Fertility & IVF
  Our state-of-the-art IVF centre delivers high success rates with ethical treatment, giving hope to couples from all over the world. We offer the most advanced fertility treatment options that include IUI, IVF, and egg freezing and more.
• Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery
  We provide high-end cosmetic procedures designed to enhance your appearance and delay or reduce the signs of aging. Further, we also offer corrective or restoration surgeries to help in the treatment of burns or accidents.
• Bariatric Surgery
  We help patients struggling with morbid obesity in their weight loss surgery journey by providing safe and effective weight loss solutions.

As a NABH accredited hospital, our team of specialists follows standardized care protocols that ensure consistent and high-quality outcomes.

Our Technological Advancements

As a private hospital with advanced facilities, Kokilaben Hospital is home to many firsts in Indian healthcare. These include:

• Imaging & Diagnostics
  With 3 Tesla MRI, SPECT, Digital PET-CT, 64-slice Dual Source CT, 40-slice PET CT, and Total Lab Automation (TLA), we ensure prompt and accurate diagnosis.
• Robotic Surgery
  Equipped with the da Vinci Surgical System we offer precision-driven, minimally invasive procedures. We also have the VELYS Robotic System for knee replacement surgeries. 
• Stroke & Neurointervention
  ARTIS Q Biplane system and RAPID AI are used to manage acute strokes and vascular abnormalities with swift decision-making.
• Cancer Care
  Radixact® Radiation Therapy offers the most advanced cancer care and HIFU, Novalis Tx and EDGE™ offer targeted radiation.
• Rehabilitation Sciences
  We house India’s largest multi-specialty rehab centre, equipped with motion analysis labs and robotic gait trainers for comprehensive recovery.

With dedicated departments for innovation, digital health, and clinical research, we continue to evolve as a JCI certified medical institution at the forefront of technological adoption.

Why Choose Kokilaben Hospital?

At the best hospital in India, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital we offer the most advanced medical care facilities. It includes:

• Full-Time Specialist System (FTSS)
  This system ensures specialists are available full-time and patients receive consistent medical care round-the-clock. The team follows set protocols and global best practices.
• Awards
  Ranked as the No. 1 Multispeciality Hospital in Mumbai and Western India for the 9th consecutive year – by The Week.
• Subspecialty Care
  Unlike the generic care model, we offer subspecialty-based treatment in every department—bringing focused expertise to every case.
• Infrastructure Designed for Healing
  Our 17-floor building framework ensures patient comfort, operational efficiency, and privacy. Our hospital features 750+ beds, 22 operating theatres, 180 ICU beds, and 240+ consultation rooms.
• Accreditations
  We have NABH (National Accreditation Board for Hospital and Healthcare Providers) and international certifications like JCI (Joint Commission International), to ensure adherence to global clinical and safety standards.
• Stringent Testing
  We have an accreditation from National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) Accreditation, India that ensures best use of laboratory practices. 
• Best Outcomes
  Whether it’s cardiac surgery, robotic surgery, cancer care, or complex neurology, our success rates match or exceed those of leading international centres.
• International Patient Care Services
  comprehensive care coordination, travel assistance, and remote follow-ups, we are trusted by patients from over 50 countries.

If you are looking for the best hospital for diagnostics and surgery, as well as rehabilitation care – you are at the right place. With several awards and accolades we are committed to provide world-class medical care, driven by our team’s dedication and expertise to medical excellence. Choose Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital – a leading healthcare provider who is a partner in your healthcare journey. Consult our medical experts to explore high-quality treatment options and take the first step toward a healthier tomorrow.

Changing lifestyles, lack of physical activity, chronic stress and poor eating habits have led to many lifestyle diseases. In India’s bustling metro cities, where fast-paced lifestyles meet growing health challenges, hypertension is no longer just a concern for the elderly. Increasingly, young adults in their 20s and 30s are being diagnosed with high blood pressure, often with little warning. What makes this shift particularly alarming is that many remain unaware of their condition until serious complications arise.

Hypertension is referred to as a “silent killer” for a reason—its signs are vague or nonexistent until it’s too late. If left unaddressed, it has the potential to cause life-changing complications like heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, and beyond. Let’s explore the causes, signs, prevention, and treatment options available to help manage this condition. Seek the best hypertension treatment in Mumbai at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai, for your family and loved ones.

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Understanding Hypertension in Young Adults

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is when the pressure of blood against artery walls is always high. A reading of 140/90 mmHg or higher is generally considered high blood pressure. For young adults—usually between the ages of 18 and 40—the diagnosis of hypertension is usually unexpected. In India, young adults have a prevalence of hypertension of about 11.2%, which keeps increasing with work cultures of staying on the couch and lifestyles of immense stress. Across the country, almost 22 crore Indians suffer from hypertension, but only 12% of them have controlled blood pressure. Young, seemingly healthy individuals are silently becoming part of these statistics.

Causes and Risk Factors

Lifestyle Factors

Several everyday habits play a crucial role in the development of high blood pressure in young adults:

• High-sodium diets
  Excess salt increases fluid retention and tightens arteries.
• Lack of physical activity
  Sedentary routines lead to weight gain and vascular stiffness.
• Stress
  Chronic stress spikes cortisol levels, narrowing blood vessels and elevating BP.
• Excessive alcohol and tobacco use
  Both are linked to vasoconstriction and increased heart rate.

Genetic and Environmental Influences

If you have a family history of hypertension, your risk automatically increases. Environmental factors—such as urban noise, pollution, poor air quality, and limited access to green spaces—further compound the risk for city dwellers.

Other Health Conditions

Conditions like obesity, type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, and sleep apnea frequently co-exist with hypertension. Obesity is especially critical—every excess kilogram adds pressure on your circulatory system, forcing your heart to pump harder.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The most concerning aspect of hypertension is that it usually causes no noticeable symptoms. However, some young adults may experience:

• Headaches
• Dizziness
• Blurred vision
• Chest discomfort
• Fatigue or palpitations

Since these symptoms can be easily ignored or misattributed to other causes, regular blood pressure checks are vital—even if you’re in your twenties or thirties. Get further diagnosis and care at the best hypertension treatment hospital in India.

Importance of Screening

A single elevated reading is not enough for a diagnosis. Your physician may recommend 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring or serial office visits to confirm persistent hypertension.

Early diagnosis is a game changer. It allows for prompt lifestyle interventions and, if needed, medications that prevent long-term complications.

Management and Treatment                                                                                             

Lifestyle Modifications

Before starting medications, many doctors recommend lifestyle adjustments. These include:

• Weight loss
  Even a 5–10% reduction in body weight can significantly lower BP.
• Dietary changes
  Adopt a DASH-style (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet—rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy while minimizing red meat, sodium, and sugar.
• Exercise
  Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity weekly, plus strength training twice a week.
• Stress reduction
  Incorporate yoga, deep breathing, or meditation into your routine. Stress management is as vital as dietary discipline.

Medications

In some cases, especially if blood pressure is significantly elevated or there’s organ damage, medication may be required. Common options include:

• ACE inhibitors
• Beta-blockers
• Calcium channel blockers
• Diuretics

Young adults frequently worry about being on medicines forever. But it is advisable to be under medical care and do what your physician directs. This can mean medicines along with long-term lifestyle modifications. Missing doses or stopping medicines without consulting the professional will be risky. Consult the best doctors for hypertension treatment in Mumbaifor a personalized care plan with minimal side effects.

Long-Term Impact and Prevention

Uncontrolled hypertension increases your lifetime risk of:

• Heart attacks and strokes
• Chronic kidney disease
• Heart failure
• Vision loss
• Sexual dysfunction
• Cognitive decline in later life

Preventive Strategies

Whether or not you’re currently hypertensive, the following preventive steps can safeguard your heart and vascular health:

• Know your numbers – Make BP checks a routine part of your wellness exams.
• Reduce salt intake – Aim for <1,500 mg sodium/day if hypertensive.
• Avoid tobacco and limit alcohol – Both have dose-dependent effects on BP.
• Stay active – Sedentary lifestyles accelerate vascular aging.
• Stay informed – Understand your family history and get tested early.

Making heart-healthy choices in your 20s and 30s can dramatically reduce your risk of complications in your 50s and 60s.

Hypertension Management at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospitals, Mumbai

Do you have a family history of hypertension? Are you at high risk of hypertension? Reach out to specialists at our Department of Internal Medicine for evidence-based and personalized care.

Why Choose Us?

• Recognized for our cardiology excellence, advanced diagnostics, and multidisciplinary care model.
• Our experienced team includes board-certified cardiologists and internal medicine specialists.
• Our care includes tailored lifestyle programs, nutrition planning, mental health support, and long-term follow-up.

Hypertension doesn’t have to be a lifelong burden—particularly when identified early and tackled preventatively. For young adults in India’s metropolis, where stress is a shared experience and so is physical inactivity, knowing is half the battle. Monitor your BP regularly, eat healthily, be more active, sleep well, and don’t hesitate consulting a doctor if you suspect something is amiss.