Hepatitis: The Silent Threat You Shouldn’t Ignore

Imagine living for years with a ticking time bomb inside your body—unaware, asymptomatic, yet dangerously active. That’s the reality of hepatitis, an inflammatory liver disease that affects over 300 million people worldwide. Medical statistics suggest that India registered 2.98 crore hepatitis B cases in 2022 while the number of hepatitis C infections stood at 55 lakh. Unfortunately, only 2.4% of those infected had received a diagnosis, highlighting a vast gap in awareness and screening. Despite being preventable and treatable, hepatitis silently contributes to a rising toll of liver failure, cirrhosis, and liver cancer each year. Let us understand the various aspects of hepatitis and raise awareness on its symptoms, preventive measures and treatment options.

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What is Hepatitis?

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver, an organ critical for detoxifying the blood, metabolizing medications, and processing nutrients. Inflammation degrades liver function with the potential for systemic complications.

Causes of Hepatitis:

• Viral infections (Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E)
• Alcoholism
• Autoimmune mechanisms
• Medications or toxins

Of these, viral hepatitis is the most prevalent and dangerous, usually leading to a silent course until significant liver damage is done.

Types of Hepatitis: Know the Differences

Here are the different types of viral hepatitis with their key behaviours:

• Hepatitis A and E are transmitted through contaminated food or water. They are typically self-limiting but can be severe in pregnant women or those with weak immunity.
• Hepatitis B and C spread through blood, sexual contact, or from mother to child. These can become chronic, causing long-term liver damage.
• Hepatitis D occurs only in people infected with hepatitis B, worsening its severity.

Chronic hepatitis B and C are of particular concern in India as they may lead to a severe infection causing liver cirrhosis and cancer if left untreated.

Why It’s Called a Silent Threat

This health condition may cause significant liver damage without showing any symptoms for years. Most chronic hepatitis infections, particularly B and C, are asymptomatic for years. If symptoms manifest, they look like typical illnesses—fatigue, nausea, or flu—increasing the chances of misdiagnosis.

Common Symptoms of Hepatitis

While many times the symptoms are misdiagnosed and ignored, we highly recommend seeking the care of a specialist in case you are experiencing any of these symptoms:

• Persistent fatigue
• Yellowing eyes and skin – Jaundice
• Abdominal discomfort
• Nausea, vomiting, and appetite loss
• Dark urine and pale stools
• Joint pain and fever

Do not delay seeking medical assistance. Reach out to doctors at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, one of the best hospitals for hepatitis in Mumbai.

Complications of Untreated Hepatitis

Undiagnosed and untreated hepatitis can be harmful for your liver health. It may cause:

• Chronic Liver Disease – gradual liver failure over years
• Cirrhosis – irreversible scarring
• Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma) – especially in hepatitis B and C
• End-stage Liver Failure – often requiring transplant

In 2022, India saw approximately 100,000 deaths due to hepatitis B and over 26,000 due to hepatitis C. Seeking timely medical care can help save lives.

Preventive Measures for Hepatitis

This condition is highly preventable by following a healthy lifestyle:

• Vaccination
  There are effective vaccines for hepatitis A and B. Get all children vaccinated—India’s immunization program includes that.
• Safe Sexual and Hygiene Practices
  Refrain from sharing needles or hygiene products. Never go without protection when indulging in sexual activity.
• Food and Water Safety
  Refrain from eating street food or unfiltered water, particularly while traveling.
• Sterile Medical and Cosmetic Procedures
  Provide sterilized equipment for dental procedures, piercings, or tattoos.

Diagnosis & Treatment of Hepatitis

Here are some of the most common diagnostic tests performed:

• Blood Tests
  Detect viral presence, liver function, and immune response.
• Ultrasound or FibroScan
  Assess liver stiffness.
• Liver Biops
  In rare cases, to determine extent of damage.

The treatment is variable depending on the type of hepatitis:

• Hepatitis A & E
  Supportive care; usually self-limiting.
• Hepatitis B
  Antivirals can suppress but not cure. Lifelong monitoring is often needed.
• Hepatitis C
  Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) offer a cure in over 95% of cases.
• Liver Transplant
  For advanced cirrhosis or liver failure, transplant may be the only option.

Hepatitis Treatment at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai

India ranks second in global hepatitis B and C burden. Yes, due to factors such as low screenings, poor awareness and stigma, less than 3% of patients are diagnosed. It is time to change this with prompt medical care. If you or your loved ones fall into high-risk categories—healthcare workers, pregnant women, individuals with multiple partners, or past blood transfusion recipients—get screened now.

At our Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary, we provide patients with diagnosis, care, and management of hepatitis. Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital is renowned for providing the best hepatitis treatment in Mumbai. Our hepatologists help protect your liver with prompt medical care for hepatitis. Hepatitis is silent, but not invisible. With awareness, vaccination, regular checkups, and early treatment, we can collectively reduce its burden.

Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver, a vital organ responsible for numerous essential bodily functions including detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion. The most common causes of hepatitis are viral infections, with hepatitis A, B, and C being the most prevalent types. Non-viral causes include alcohol abuse, certain medications, and autoimmune diseases.

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Types of Hepatitis

• Hepatitis A
  This highly contagious liver infection is typically spread through ingestion of contaminated food or water. Hepatitis A does not lead to chronic disease, and most people recover completely without permanent liver damage.
• Hepatitis B
  This type is transmitted through contact with infectious body fluids, such as blood, vaginal secretions, or semen. Hepatitis B can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term). Chronic hepatitis B can lead to serious health issues like liver cirrhosis or liver cancer.
• Hepatitis C
  Primarily spread through blood-to-blood contact, hepatitis C can also be acute or chronic. Most acute infections become chronic, and chronic hepatitis C is a leading cause of liver transplants.
• Hepatitis D
  This type only occurs in individuals infected with hepatitis B, as it requires the hepatitis B virus to replicate. Hepatitis D can lead to more severe disease and worse outcomes.
• Hepatitis E
  Similar to hepatitis A, this virus is typically spread through fecal-oral transmission due to contaminated water. It is usually self-limiting but can be serious in pregnant women.

Symptoms of Hepatitis

Hepatitis symptoms can vary depending on the type and stage of infection. Common symptoms include:

• Fatigue
• Nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Loss of appetite
• Fever
• Dark urine
• Pale stool
• Joint pain
• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)

Prevention of Hepatitis

Prevention strategies are crucial in combating hepatitis and include:

• Vaccination
  Vaccines are available for hepatitis A and B. The hepatitis B vaccine also protects against hepatitis D. Currently, there is no vaccine for hepatitis C.
• Safe Practices:
  • Avoid sharing needles, razors, or toothbrushes.
  • Ensure that any tattoos or piercings are done with sterile equipment.
  • Practice safe sex by using condoms.
  • Be cautious with blood transfusions.
• Good Hygiene: For hepatitis A and E, ensure you drink clean water and practice good hand hygiene, especially when traveling to areas with poor sanitation.

Treatment of Hepatitis

Treatment varies depending on the type of hepatitis:

• Hepatitis A and E
  These generally do not require specific treatment, as they are typically self-limiting. Adequate rest,hydration, and a healthy diet are recommended.
• Hepatitis B
  Acute hepatitis B may not require antiviral treatment. Chronic hepatitis B, however, often requires long-term antiviral medications to reduce liver damage and prevent complications.
• Hepatitis C
  Antiviral medications can cure most people with hepatitis C, especially with the newer direct-acting antiviral treatments that have high success rates and shorter treatment durations.
• Hepatitis D
  Treatment includes antiviral drugs, though they may not be as effective as desired. Pegylated interferon is the most commonly used treatment.

Managing hepatitis involves regular monitoring of liver function and overall health, lifestyle adjustments, and possibly long-term medication. It is important to avoid alcohol, maintain a healthy weight, and follow a balanced diet to support liver health. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are essential to monitor the disease progression and manage any complications.

Hepatitis Treatment at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital

Are you experiencing recurrent episodes of jaundice? It’s essential to undergo a thorough liver check-up to rule out any signs of hepatitis. At Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, our Department of Hepato Pancreato Biliary is dedicated to providing exceptional care for all types of hepatitis. Our team of highly skilled doctors is trained to accurately detect and effectively treat hepatitis. We offer a full spectrum of services, from initial consultations to advanced hospitalization and treatment plans. Our goal is to ensure that our patients receive the most comprehensive and personalized hepatitis care available. For more detailed information and to schedule an appointment, please visit our website: https://www.kokilabenhospital.com/departments/clinicaldepartments/hepatopancreatobiliary.html

Suspect a liver infection? Get yourself tested for hepatitis. Recent statistics suggest that India has around 4 crore people infected with hepatitis B and about 1.2 crore people infected with hepatitis C. Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that is caused by a wide variety of infectious viruses. It is a widespread and potentially life-threatening liver infection that affects millions of people worldwide. Understanding hepatitis is crucial for prevention, early diagnosis, and appropriate management to reduce the burden of this disease.

Types of Hepatitis:

There are five main types of hepatitis: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, and Hepatitis E.

• Hepatitis A
  Hepatitis A is usually contracted through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. It is prevalent in areas with poor sanitation and is commonly associated with travel to certain regions. Symptoms of Hepatitis A may include fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice. There is no specific treatment for Hepatitis A, and the infection typically resolves on its own. Supportive measures like rest and proper hydration are recommended.
• Hepatitis B
  Hepatitis B is primarily transmitted through contact with infected blood, bodily fluids, sexual contact or from an infected mother to her newborn during childbirth. Hepatitis B can lead to chronic liver disease, and some individuals may become carriers of the virus without showing symptoms. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial to prevent complications and reduce the risk of transmission. Antiviral medications are available to manage chronic Hepatitis B and prevent liver-related complications. Vaccination is essential to prevent Hepatitis B infection.
• Hepatitis C
  Hepatitis C is mainly spread through contact with infected blood, often through the sharing of needles by intravenous drug users. It can also be transmitted through unsafe medical practices, such as blood transfusions before screening measures were implemented. Left untreated, it can lead to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Timely diagnosis and advances in antiviral medications have significantly improved the treatment outcomes for Hepatitis C.
• Hepatitis D
  Hepatitis D only occurs in individuals who are already infected with Hepatitis B. It is considered one of the most severe forms of hepatitis. It is transmitted through contact with infected blood and sexual contact. Preventing Hepatitis B infection is the key to avoiding Hepatitis D. Treatment options for Hepatitis D are limited, and management often involves treating the underlying Hepatitis B infection.
• Hepatitis E
  Hepatitis E is typically transmitted through the consumption of contaminated water, similar to Hepatitis A. While it is generally self-limiting, pregnant women infected with Hepatitis E are at a higher risk of severe complications, including mortality.

Prevention of Hepatitis

Here are some helpful healthy living practices to reduce your risk of hepatitis:

• Vaccination
  Vaccines are available for Hepatitis A and B. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent these infections and their complications.
• Safe Hygiene
  Practicing good hygiene, especially handwashing, can prevent the spread of Hepatitis A and E.
• Safe Sexual Practices
  Using barrier methods such as condoms during sexual activity can reduce the risk of contracting Hepatitis B and C.
• Avoiding Sharing Needles
  Intravenous drug users should never share needles or other equipment to prevent the transmission of Hepatitis B and C.

Hepatitis care at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai

Have you been experiencing stomach ache, loss of appetite, or seeing jaundice like yellow eyes and skin? It is time you get a complete liver check-up done and rule out any signs of hepatitis. Understanding the types, modes of transmission, and available treatment options for hepatitis is crucial in curbing the spread of this infectious disease. Consult experts at our Department of Hepato Pancreato Biliary for a detailed diagnosis and prompt treatment for hepatitis.

As people age, it becomes increasingly important to prioritize their health and wellbeing. Regular health screenings can help detect potential health issues early on. Whether you’re busy with your professional commitments, managing your parenting duties or indulging your travel bug, chances are your lifestyle has settled into a routine that works for you. That may also mean skipping workouts in favour of more important obligations or compromising on your nutrition. This can negatively affect your health, increase your stress levels and may also lead to poor quality sleep.  

What makes annual screenings essential?

It’s all about prevention for both men and women in their 40s, and that begins with getting a health examination done. Your doctor can spot abnormalities during a yearly exam, properly assess them, and, if necessary, start treating you right away. As your metabolism slows down after 40, it is even more important to take care of yourself.

10 Health screenings you need in your 40s:

Here are some important health screenings that men and women should consider as they get older:

• Blood pressure
  High blood pressure (hypertension) can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney problems. It is recommended that adults over the age of 40 have their blood pressure checked at least every two years.
• Cholesterol
  High levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. It is recommended that adults over the age of 20 have their cholesterol checked at least every five years.
• Diabetes
  Diabetes is a chronic condition that occurs when the body is unable to properly regulate blood sugar levels. The fast food diet, sedentary lifestyle, and increased stress can cause more weight gain, especially around the abdomen, which puts you at an increased risk for diabetes and pre-diabetes. Get your blood sugar levels checked every year.
• Evaluate mental health.
  Nearly 20% of persons over the age of 40 experience depression occasionally or suffer from other mental health concerns. Mental illnesses increase your risk of chronic conditions like obesity, heart disease, etc.
• Hormone function
  In middle age, hormonal changes tend to affect both men and women. Stress, lack of sleep, weight gain, and a sedentary lifestyle are just a few examples of the demands of daily living that can negatively impact testosterone and other hormones like oestrogen and progesterone.
• Eye test
  Depending on your age, risk factors, and whether you presently wear contacts or glasses, the majority of eye care professionals advise a thorough eye exam at least every one to two years. A baseline eye examination is a thorough check for any early warning symptoms of eye disorders.
• Cancer screenings
  Here are some essential cancer screenings to undertake:
  • Prostate cancer
    Prostate cancer is the most common cancer seen in men. It is recommended that men over the age of 40 have a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test to screen for prostate cancer.
  • Breast cancer
    Breast cancer is the most common cancer seen in women. It is recommended that women over the age of 40 have regular mammograms to screen for breast cancer.
  • Cervical cancer
    Along the same lines, cervical cancer screening is recommended for women starting at age 21 with regular Pap tests.
• Bone density test
  If you are over 40 and have risk factors for osteoporosis, your bone health must be checked. In order to assess your risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures, a bone mineral density (BMD) test counts the minerals that are present in your bones.
• Sexual health
  Your doctor will order any STI tests as needed or at your request. A urologist will evaluate men’s reproductive health and also look for any signs of prostate cancer, testicular cancer, and other concerns. The reproductive and sexual health for women can be evaluated with a thorough examination by a gynaecologist.
• Examine your oral health
  An oral health examination includes teeth cleaning, an oral health evaluation, and X-rays of the mouth. This can help detect and treat oral health problems early.

Executive Health Checkups at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital

Regular health examinations can help in the early detection of any medical problems, enabling timely and effective treatment. Depending on your age, the medical history of your family, and other risk factors, your doctor may request a number of tests and screenings.

What did you eat for lunch today? And what did you have for breakfast? Are your meals a balance of essential food groups, are your meals planned well or are they quick fixes that contain fewer nutrients and comprise mainly of packaged foods. Do your busy schedules leave you little time to eat healthy? Do you often rely on junk food and takeaways for your daily meals? It is time to change this. Eating right is even more important than exercise, and the combination of a balanced diet along with the right amount of exercise can do wonders to your body.  Self-realization is important to make conscious food choices. This National Nutrition Week let us come together and spread awareness about the importance of healthy eating habits and good nutrition to maintain a healthy lifestyle and reduce your risk of lifestyle diseases.

Are you eating right?

A balanced diet provides your body the appropriate number of nutrients. 50–60% of the total calories should ideally come from carbohydrates, followed by 10%–15% from protein, and 20–30% from fat. Vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and fibre should also be a part of your diet. Depending on the person’s gender, age, and specific needs, the body has different nutritional needs. Pregnant women and highly active individuals, and young children frequently have increased nutrient needs.

Healthy nutrition tips

A healthy diet is important to support and strengthen your immune system. Nutrients such as proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates, fibres, fats, minerals, and water must be an essential part of your diet to maintain a healthy immune system and strengthen your body. Consistent healthy eating habits can reduce the likelihood of developing health problems such as obesity, heart disease, diabetes and certain types of cancer. Follow these healthy eating tips:

• Eat local produce
  Increase your intake of locally available and seasonal fruits, vegetables, and whole grains near your region and reduce your intake of processed foods. Eat a rainbow, the more colourful the diet the more antioxidants it includes.
• Explore traditional foods
  You don’t have to find fancy ingredients to eat healthy. Instead choose simple but nutritious Indian millets that include jowar, bajra, ragi, etc as a part of your daily diet.
• Eat a variety of food
  You must include a mix of wholegrains like wheat, maize and rice, legumes like lentils and beans, and plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables in your diet. Choose unprocessed foods as much as possible.
• Limit your salt intake
  Limit your salt intake to 5 grams or a teaspoon a day. Further, when cooking and preparing foods, use salt sparingly and reduce the use of packaged salty sauces and condiments as they are usually high in sodium.
• Eat moderate healthy fats in moderation
  Replace butter with healthier fats like olive, soy, sunflower or corn oil when cooking. Avoid processed, baked and fried foods that contain trans-fat. Choose steaming, roasting or baking instead of frying food when cooking.
• Limit sugar intake
  Limit intake of sweets and sugary drinks such as fizzy drinks, fruit juices, energy and sports drinks, flavoured milk drinks. Use jaggery, honey, dates, and raisins to sweeten you desserts instead of refined sugar.
• Stay hydrated
  Drinking enough water can help improve many of your bodily processes and is essential for optimal health. Drink water whenever thirsty and avoid sipping on juices, fizzy drinks or alcoholic drinks.

Nutrition services at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital

Get expert personalised advice from our team of doctors at the Department of Nutrition Therapy at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital for further assistance and care.